Stenosis can be caused primarily by the underlying disc or a combination of both disc and the overlying facet degeneration (arthritis), or by degeneration of the facets alone. The facets are small paired joints at each spinal level. With degenerative facets and their ligaments, the nerves underneath are compressed. Compression of the nerve can result in radiculopathy, which is a term for pain traveling down a patient’s leg. Severe radiculopathy can result in incapacitating leg pain when the patient attempts any activity.

The initial care for the patient suffering from radiculopathy is usually non-surgical treatment.  This conservative care can include physical therapy, chiropractic care, and pain management with the possible use of epidural steroid injections. If the patient fails to significantly improve with non-surgical measures surgery may be indicated.